Ockham’s Razor
The One-God explanation is the simplest most comprehensive explanation and, therefore, the best explanation by Ockham’s Razor.
Since only One God is necessary for the creation of the universe and the suggestion of multiple gods raises more questions than answers, the best explanation for the creation of the universe is One God. Other gods are, therefore, examples of “entities multiplied beyond necessity.”
Conceptual differences
In the universe, every entity has at least one conceptual difference, such as shape or size, with every other entity, and this proves the existence of that entity in relation to others.
However, these conceptual differences cannot exist outside the material universe because they are based on the material universe and God is immaterial. Therefore, there must either be any number of immaterial and, therefore, unknown conceptual differences, or there are no conceptual differences.
By Ockham’s’ Razor, the simplest most comprehensive explanation is that there are no conceptual differences outside the universe.
Any other explanation would require further explanation as to why there should be any conceptual differences outside the universe and as to what these immaterial conceptual differences could be. As material creatures, human beings cannot objectively conceive of immaterial conceptual differences and, therefore, cannot objectively explain why there should be immaterial conceptual differences outside the material universe.
The absence of any immaterial conceptual difference is then only compatible with the existence of a single entity.
Therefore, God can only be One.
Conceptual causes
In the universe, every entity changes due to and depends on material causes, all of which can be traced back to the first uncaused immaterial cause, God. However, these material dependencies cannot exist outside the universe because they are based on the material universe, and God, being outside the universe, is immaterial. Therefore, there must either be any number of immaterial and, therefore, unknown dependencies, or there are no dependencies outside the material universe.
Finite regression removes any immaterial causes other than God. If God depends on an immaterial cause, He would not be the first Uncaused Cause of the material universe and, therefore, would not be God. Therefore, there cannot be any dependencies outside the material universe.
Therefore,
- God can only be One, because He is the only immaterial cause outside the material universe by finite regression
- He must be self-sufficient, free of all material and immaterial dependencies